Finally, the morphology evolution of LGI under flow conditions is reviewed, including the effects of laminar and turbulent shear flow, and the flow enhanced gas diffusion. Some specific topics on interface morphologies, critical pressure, metastable state and gas diffusion equilibrium state are discussed. to sink or push (something) briefly into or as if into a liquid 3. Then, both effects of hydrostatic pressure and gas diffusion on the morphology evolution of submerged LGI are reviewed. The conditions necessary to achieve equilibrium are surveyed. First, a thermodynamic framework for the analysis of the equilibrium and stability of submerged LGI in quiescent ambient is introduced. When an object (usually an irregular object) was completely submerged in a liquid, the volume of the liquid increases. In this review, we systematically summarize the underlying mechanisms of the morphology evolution of LGI on submerged solid structured surfaces under both quiescent and flow conditions.

where P P is pressure in pascals, is the density of the fluid in kilograms per cubic meter, g g is 9.81 meters per second. The evolution, equilibrium, and stability of LGI are crucial to the underwater performances and functionalities of the surfaces, such as wetting, drag reduction, heat and mass transfer, etc., and have been studied for decades. The equation for hydrostatic pressure is. The volume submerged equals the volume of fluid displaced, which we call V fl V f l.

fraction submerged V sub V obj V fl V obj. Liquid–gas interface (LGI) on submerged solid structured surfaces is ubiquitous in nature and has various practical applications. The fraction submerged is the ratio of the volume submerged to the volume of the object, or fraction submerged V sub V obj V fl V obj.

Submerge in liquid